A hydrostatic level probe typically uses pressure sensor to measure the water level. The main component of a pressure sensor is the sensing diaphragm which converts the difference in pressure between either side of the diaphragm into a measured signal.
The front of the diaphragm measures the water level pressure (hydrostatic pressure) plus the barometric air pressure pushing down on the water.
Vented Level Measurement Device
In a vented design the back of the diaphragm is exposed to the same barometric air pressure so that it will self-compensate for barometric changes.
- Pressure on front of diaphragm = Water Depth + Air
- Pressure on back of diaphragm = Air
- Actual Measured Pressure = Water Depth
This is the most common way to measure water level with a pressure sensor. There is no need to measure barometric pressure with a device that has a vented pressure reference, which simplifies the installation and reduces the cost because there is less instrumentation required.
Also this method is more accurate because the accuracy of only one sensor is considered, rather than the combination of two measurement devices.
Featured vented reference liquid level measurement products
18.605 G Low Cost Submersible Diesel Fuel and Water Tank Level Sensor - Low cost OEM diesel fuel or water level sensor for installing inside or outside a storage tank. 
Cooling tower basin water level transmitter - Ensure efficient cooling tower operation with the LMK382 submersible level transmitter. Its low-range measurement capabilities and robust design make it ideal for monitoring basin water levels, preventing pump damage, and optimizing water usage.
Non-Vented Level Measurement Device
- Pressure on front of diaphragm = Water Depth + Air
- Pressure on back of diaphragm = Vacuum
- Actual Measured Pressure = Water Depth + Air
This method is used less than the vented reference type, but it does have advantages for some applications.
It is not always straightforward to provide a vent path, since the cable maybe terminated underwater, or the air at the surface maybe different to barometric reference pressure.
Vented cables can be problematic if not adequately protected from moisture and humidity, causing calibration shifts, unstable readings and in some cases failure of the sensor.
Featured non-vented reference liquid level measurement products
Detecting water intake blockage on submerged reservoir intake screen using two sensors - Discover a robust solution for measuring head loss and detecting ice blockages on remote water intake screens. Learn how dual submersible pressure transmitters with 4-20mA outputs overcome long-distance signal transmission challenges in reservoir monitoring.
LMK458 Marine Approved Hydrostatic Level Transmitter - Marine approved level transmitter with 4-20mA output for measuring level of contents inside ship ballast, fuel, liquid cargo or wastewater tanks
Help
Plugging the vent line
Can a vented transducer be converted to an absolute transducer simply by plugging the vent line?
An absolute transducer has a vacuum reference, by plugging the vent line you will instead be trapping in atmospheric pressure, which is called a sealed gauge reference.
You can still use this, but bear in mind that the trapped air pressure will vary if the temperature changes.
Also as the atmospheric pressure changes, so will the level/depth readings by the same amount of pressure change.
These effects on readings will be proportionally greater the lower the pressure range of the device.
Non-vented sensor in ditches & springs
Should we use a non-vented water level sensor in ditches and springs?
We would recommend a vented rather than a non-vented because it allows the sensor to self compensate for changes in barometric pressure. This is particularly important when measuring water level in ditches and springs where the water is much shallower, since the changes in barometric pressure will have a greater impact on the water level reading accuracy if they are not compensated for.
Also the range will need to be much greater for a non-vented type, e.g. a vented (gauge) 3.5 mH2O water level range would need to be a 13.5 mH2O for a non-vented (absolute) range, so the accuracy will be degraded by 4 times before you have even considered the errors associated with barometric changes.
Featured water level measurement products
Borewell water level sensor for 100m water height - Low cost solution to measuring the water level in a borewell with a water height of as much as 100 metres above the submerged sensor
Underground rain water storage tank level sensor and readout for 2 metre depth - Water level indicator for a 2 metre deep rain water storage tank located underground.
Related Help Guides
- Determining water tank volume using hydrostatic pressure
- Problem with zero drift when installing submersible pressure sensor